Git: undo the most recent local commits

I committed the wrong files and have not pushed yet. How do I undo the last commit but keep my changes?

git reset --soft HEAD~1

--soft moves the branch back one commit and leaves your changes staged. Variants:

• --soft — commit undone, changes stay staged

• --mixed (the default) — commit undone, changes kept but unstaged

• --hard — commit undone and changes discarded

If you have already pushed, use git revert HEAD instead so you do not rewrite shared history.

.loc with a boolean mask is the idiomatic answer; .query() reads nicer for long conditions.

And if you only need to fix the message or add a forgotten file: git commit --amend.